Posts Tagged ‘WHO’
Adding calcium and vitamin D supplements to an energy-restricted diet may boost the loss of body fat, compared to the diet alone, says a new study.
Dieters taking daily doses of 600 mg elemental calcium and 125 IU vitamin D3 lost significantly more body fat over 12 weeks than people on the energy-restricted diet alone, but there were no differences between the groups for overall body weight, report researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Health Sciences in China.
“The calcium+D group achieved 55.6% augmentation of fat mass loss compared with the control, despite the fact that there was no significant difference in body weight change between groups,” wrote the researchers in the Nutrition Journal
.
“That means the calcium+D group lost more adipose tissue during energy restriction.”
Over 300m adults are obese worldwide, according to latest statistics from the WHO and the International Obesity Task Force. About one-quarter of the US adult population is said to be obese, with rates in Western Europe on the rise, although not yet at similar levels.
Study details
The Chinese researchers recruited 52 overweight and obese adults with very-low calcium consumption to participate in their open-label, randomized controlled trial. All participants followed an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal/d) with half given calcium and vitamin D supplements.
After 12 weeks, the researchers noted that, of the 42 people who completed the study, those receiving the supplements displayed a “significantly greater decrease in fat mass loss”, compared with the control group (-2.8 versus -1.8 kg, respectively).
“The calcium + D group also exhibited greater decrease in visceral fat mass and visceral fat area,” they added.
“To our knowledge, ours is among the few relevant studies to evaluate the effect of combined calcium and vitamin D3 administration in very-low calcium consumers by setting initial calcium intake at 600 mg/day as one of the inclusion criteria.”
Source: Nutrition Journal
2013, 12:8 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-8
“Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated Fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very-low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial”
Authors: Zhu W, Cai D, Wang Y, Lin N, Hu Q, Qi Y, Ma S and Amarasekara S
Article source: http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/Calcium-plus-vitamin-D-may-slash-body-fat-levels?nocount
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By Stephanie Leveene, medwireNews Reporter
Reducing fat intake leads to reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference in adults over the long term, even when weight loss is not the intended outcome, according to a meta-analysis published in the BMJ.
From a public health perspective, these findings give credence to efforts to decrease total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake, with the potential to reduce related mortality.
“The effect on health of an individual reducing his or her body weight by 1.6 kg is likely to be small, but the effects of a whole population doing so would be noticeable,” say Lee Hooper (Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK) and co-authors.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group subgroup on diet and health assessed the relationship between total fat intake and body weight with a view to updating WHO guidelines. Hooper and colleagues assessed 33 controlled trials that measured interventions to reduce total fat intake but were not specifically weight loss studies. Study durations were a minimum of 26 weeks and a maximum of 8 years.
Participants in these studies were randomly assigned to participate in one of two arms: lower fat intake or usual fat intake. The mean effect of the decreased amount of total fat intake was a weight loss of 1.57 kg in the lower-fat group compared with controls. Each 1% reduction in energy was associated with a 0.19-kg reduction in body weight.
Significant reductions in BMI (−0.51 kg/m2) and waist circumference (−0.30 cm) were also seen in those with lower fat intake, as well as improvements in blood pressure and total cholesterol.
Hooper et al say that similar effects were noted in children and adolescents, but the sample size of that population was small.
They note that there is a need for high-quality trials examining the effect on body weight of reducing fat intake in children, especially in developing or transitional countries where total fat intake is more than 30% of energy.
Licensed from medwireNews with permission from Springer Healthcare Ltd. ©Springer Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved. Neither of these parties endorse or recommend any commercial products, services, or equipment.
Article source: http://www.news-medical.net/news/20121222/Reducing-fat-intake-leads-to-weight-loss-smaller-waists.aspx
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By Stephanie Leveene, medwireNews Reporter
Reducing fat intake leads to reduced body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference in adults over the long term, even when weight loss is not the intended outcome, according to a meta-analysis published in the BMJ.
From a public health perspective, these findings give credence to efforts to decrease total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake, with the potential to reduce related mortality.
“The effect on health of an individual reducing his or her body weight by 1.6 kg is likely to be small, but the effects of a whole population doing so would be noticeable,” say Lee Hooper (Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK) and co-authors.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group subgroup on diet and health assessed the relationship between total fat intake and body weight with a view to updating WHO guidelines. Hooper and colleagues assessed 33 controlled trials that measured interventions to reduce total fat intake but were not specifically weight loss studies. Study durations were a minimum of 26 weeks and a maximum of 8 years.
Participants in these studies were randomly assigned to participate in one of two arms: lower fat intake or usual fat intake. The mean effect of the decreased amount of total fat intake was a weight loss of 1.57 kg in the lower-fat group compared with controls. Each 1% reduction in energy was associated with a 0.19-kg reduction in body weight.
Significant reductions in BMI (−0.51 kg/m2) and waist circumference (−0.30 cm) were also seen in those with lower fat intake, as well as improvements in blood pressure and total cholesterol.
Hooper et al say that similar effects were noted in children and adolescents, but the sample size of that population was small.
They note that there is a need for high-quality trials examining the effect on body weight of reducing fat intake in children, especially in developing or transitional countries where total fat intake is more than 30% of energy.
Licensed from medwireNews with permission from Springer Healthcare Ltd. ©Springer Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved. Neither of these parties endorse or recommend any commercial products, services, or equipment.
Article source: http://www.news-medical.net/news/20121222/Reducing-fat-intake-leads-to-weight-loss-smaller-waists.aspx
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TV dinners got a relative thumbs up in a medical journal — when compared with recipes offered by TV chefs.
Surprised? Turns out that the British TV dinners, called “ready meals” there – had fewer calories and less fat and fiber than the chefs’ recipes.
None of the dishes complied with the World Health Organization recommendations, however, the study in the Christmas issue of the British Medical Journal said.
The researchers compared 100 main-course recipes from five bestselling cookbooks with 100 “ready meals” main courses from three leading British supermarkets.
The context is that about $15 billion worth of TV dinners are sold each year in Western Europe, and while the market is less developed in the U.S., it is expanding. And chefs who appear on television “often advocate home cooking,” the study said. Like the Food Channel on U.S. television, the United Kingdom has the dedicated Good Food channel.
No study has looked at the nutritional quality of those chefs’ food, the study authors said.
By 2020, according to some projections, more than 70% of adults in the U.S. and the United Kingdom will be overweight – making the content of meals a worthy study subject.
But the authors noted that TV chefs are only one source of information and recipes for home cooks, and they suggested a future study that looks at what people do in their kitchens.
“Maximum nutritional benefit is likely to be derived from home cooking of nutritionally balanced recipes primarily using raw ingredients, rather than relying on ready meals or recipes by television chefs,” the authors
said.
Mary.MacVean@latimes.com
@mmacvean on Twitter
Article source: http://www.latimes.com/health/boostershots/la-heb-tv-chefs-recipes-too-high-in-fat-calories-for-who-recommendations-20121220,0,3107947.story
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RECIPES by TV chefs including Jamie Oliver and Nigella Lawson are “less healthy” than ready meals, new research has revealed.
Meals randomly selected from the books of top TV chefs contained “significantly more” saturated fat and less fibre per portion than some supermarket ready meals, the study suggests.
Neither the ready meals or the recipes complied with all of the nutritional recommen-dations by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
Ready meals are often portrayed as being unhealthy, while many people’s diets are influenced by TV chefs.
In December 2010, researchers chose the top five TV chef recipe books, including 30 Minute Meals, below, and Ministry of Food by Jamie Oliver, Nigella Lawson’s Kitchen and River Cottage Everyday by Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall.
They compared the nutritional content of 100 recipes randomly selected from the books to 100 own-brand ready meals from supermarkets, including Tesco.
The study found that no recipe or ready meal met all of the WHO nutrient intake goals for preventing diet-related diseases.
The TV chef’s recipes were also more likely to achieve red traffic light labels.
“Meals based on TV chef recipes were less healthy than ready meals,” the authors from the University of Newcastle wrote.
“Significantly fewer were within the recommended ranges for fibre density and percentage of energy derived from carbohydrate and fat, and per portion they contained significantly more energy, protein, fat, and saturated fat and significantly less fibre.”
The authors suggest that TV chefs who create unhealthy meals should be subjected to a 9pm watershed. They also state that recipe books should contain more nutritional guidance.
A spokesman for Jamie Oliver said: “We welcome any research which raises debate on these issues and in fact Jamie’s most recent book, 15 Minute Meals, does contain calorie content and nutritional information per serving for every dish.
A Tesco spokesman said: “We recognise our role in making healthy food accessible to everyone, and giving customers the information they need.”
hnews@herald.ie
- Ella Pickover
Article source: http://www.herald.ie/news/star-recipes-use-more-fat-and-less-fibre-than-ready-meals-experts-3330925.html
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Public release date: 6-Dec-2012
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Contact: Stephanie Burns
sburns@bmjgroup.com
44-020-738-36920
BMJ-British Medical Journal
Levels of bad cholesterol and waist circumference also improve
Research: Effect of reducing total fat intake on body weight: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies
The ideal proportion of total fat in the human diet is unclear. But reducing overall fat in the typical diet can lead to small reductions in body weight in adults that could be highly significant on a population-wide scale, a study published today on bmj.com reveals.
The optimal intake of total fat was recently debated at the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and it was agreed that any effect of total fat intake on body weight was crucial to making global recommendations.
WHO commissioned a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between total fat intake and indicators of body fatness (including weight, waist circumference or BMI) following a request to update the WHO guidelines on total fat intake as part of the work of the WHO Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group (NUGAG) Subgroup on Diet and Health .
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of diabetes, some cancers, some forms of arthritis, high blood pressure, respiratory problems, infertility coronary heart disease and stroke. Whilst a previous review found no randomised controlled trials of reduced total fat intake that aimed to assess effects on weight, another review did find a strong relationship between total fat intake and weight.
Researchers took the results from 33 randomised controlled trials (based in North America, Europe and New Zealand) involving 73,589 participants as well as 10 cohort studies. Participants had varying states of health and ages. Comparisons were made between those on a lower than usual fat intake diet (intervention group) and usual fat intake diet (control group). The effect on the amount of body fat was measured after at least six months.
Analysis of all the trials suggested that diets lower in total fat reduce relative body weight by 1.6kg, BMI by 0.56kg/m and waist circumference by 0.5cm. Each 1% decrease in energy from total fat resulted in a 0.19 kg reduction in body weight, compared with not altering total fat intake, in populations with 28-43% of energy from total fat, and in studies of six months to over eight years. In some cases this was due to a smaller rise in weight over time in the intervention group compared with the control group. All these effects were in trials in which weight loss was not the intended outcome suggesting that they occur in people with normal diets.
The researchers wondered if the weight reduction in the low fat group was due to participants receiving more time, attention and / or support compared with those in the control group, but when studies with more attention or time to the low fat group were removed, the weight reduction did not disappear. This suggests that the weight loss was really due to lower fat intake. These results were consistent throughout all sensitivity analyses suggesting that reducing total fat intake results in a small but statistically significant reduction in weight compared with usual fat intake.
Reductions in total fat were also associated with small but statistically significant reductions in cholesterols and blood pressure, suggesting a beneficial effect on other major cardiovascular risk factors.
The small amount of data available for children in the same analysis confirmed a relationship between total fat intake and subsequent weight change.
In conclusion, reducing total fat intake in adults appears to lead to reductions in weight, BMI and waist circumference compared to those who do not, without any attempt to lose weight. The researchers say that although “it may be difficult for populations to reduce total fat intake, attempts should be made to do so, to help control weight”. They add that high quality trials are needed to examine the effect of reducing fat intake on body weight in developing countries as well as in children.
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Article source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/bmj-est120512.php
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Researchers who led the study said its results prove for the first time that people can lose weight without trying to.
“The weight reduction..when people ate less fat was remarkably consistent – we saw it in almost every trial. Those who cut down more on fat lost more weight,” said Lee Hooper from the University of East Anglia medical school, who led the work.
“The effect isn’t dramatic, like going on a diet,” she said, adding that the research specifically looked at people who were cutting down on fat, but didn’t aim to lose weight – so were continuing to consume a normal amount of food.
“What surprised us was that they did lose weight, their BMI (body mass index) decreased and their waists became slimmer,” Hooper said. The lower fat eaters also kept their weight down over at least seven years.
The review – commissioned by the WHO’s Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group (NUGAG) after a request to update their guidelines on fat intake – will now form a crucial part of global recommendations, the researchers said.
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of many illnesses such as cancer, heart disease and stroke. Together, strokes, heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases are the biggest killers worldwide and claim more than 17 million lives a year, according to the WHO.
More than half of Europeans are obese or overweight, and in America more than 35 percent of adults and almost 17 percent of children qualify as obese.
People are defined as overweight if their body mass index or BMI – a ratio of weight to height – is more than 25 kg per metre squared (kg/m2) and obese if it is more than 30 kg/m2.
Among the 73,500 people taking part in the studies analysed by Hooper’s team, there were varying ages and states of health. The researchers compared those eating less fat than usual and those eating their usual amount of fat, and measured the effect on weight and waistline after at least six months.
The results, published in the British Medical Journal, showed that eating less fat reduces body weight by 1.6 kg, cuts BMI by 0.56 kg/m² and reduces waist circumference by 0.5 cm.
Hooper’s team found that reductions in total fat intake were also linked with small but statistically significant reductions in cholesterol and blood pressure, suggesting a lower fat diet could have a beneficial effect on this heart risk factors.
Carolyn Summerbell of Durham University, who co-led the research, said the trick to slimming down and staying that way was to find a way to eat what you can stick to for life.
“Cutting down on fat will help,” she said, adding that this meant opting for low-fat yoghurts, skimmed milk and reducing intake of butter, cheese and fatty snacks like crisps and cakes.
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Article source: http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/06/15736489-forget-diets-cutting-fat-keeps-you-slim
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Public release date: 6-Dec-2012
[
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Share
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Contact: Stephanie Burns
sburns@bmjgroup.com
44-020-738-36920
BMJ-British Medical Journal
Levels of bad cholesterol and waist circumference also improve
Research: Effect of reducing total fat intake on body weight: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies
The ideal proportion of total fat in the human diet is unclear. But reducing overall fat in the typical diet can lead to small reductions in body weight in adults that could be highly significant on a population-wide scale, a study published today on bmj.com reveals.
The optimal intake of total fat was recently debated at the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) and it was agreed that any effect of total fat intake on body weight was crucial to making global recommendations.
WHO commissioned a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between total fat intake and indicators of body fatness (including weight, waist circumference or BMI) following a request to update the WHO guidelines on total fat intake as part of the work of the WHO Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group (NUGAG) Subgroup on Diet and Health .
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of diabetes, some cancers, some forms of arthritis, high blood pressure, respiratory problems, infertility coronary heart disease and stroke. Whilst a previous review found no randomised controlled trials of reduced total fat intake that aimed to assess effects on weight, another review did find a strong relationship between total fat intake and weight.
Researchers took the results from 33 randomised controlled trials (based in North America, Europe and New Zealand) involving 73,589 participants as well as 10 cohort studies. Participants had varying states of health and ages. Comparisons were made between those on a lower than usual fat intake diet (intervention group) and usual fat intake diet (control group). The effect on the amount of body fat was measured after at least six months.
Analysis of all the trials suggested that diets lower in total fat reduce relative body weight by 1.6kg, BMI by 0.56kg/m and waist circumference by 0.5cm. Each 1% decrease in energy from total fat resulted in a 0.19 kg reduction in body weight, compared with not altering total fat intake, in populations with 28-43% of energy from total fat, and in studies of six months to over eight years. In some cases this was due to a smaller rise in weight over time in the intervention group compared with the control group. All these effects were in trials in which weight loss was not the intended outcome suggesting that they occur in people with normal diets.
The researchers wondered if the weight reduction in the low fat group was due to participants receiving more time, attention and / or support compared with those in the control group, but when studies with more attention or time to the low fat group were removed, the weight reduction did not disappear. This suggests that the weight loss was really due to lower fat intake. These results were consistent throughout all sensitivity analyses suggesting that reducing total fat intake results in a small but statistically significant reduction in weight compared with usual fat intake.
Reductions in total fat were also associated with small but statistically significant reductions in cholesterols and blood pressure, suggesting a beneficial effect on other major cardiovascular risk factors.
The small amount of data available for children in the same analysis confirmed a relationship between total fat intake and subsequent weight change.
In conclusion, reducing total fat intake in adults appears to lead to reductions in weight, BMI and waist circumference compared to those who do not, without any attempt to lose weight. The researchers say that although “it may be difficult for populations to reduce total fat intake, attempts should be made to do so, to help control weight”. They add that high quality trials are needed to examine the effect of reducing fat intake on body weight in developing countries as well as in children.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Article source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-12/bmj-est120512.php
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By Kate Kelland
Reuters.com
A review of 33 trials involving 73,589 men, women and children in America, Europe and New Zealand found that choosing low fat foods helped people lose around 3.5 pounds, slim their waist-lines and cut bad cholesterol – all without dieting.
Researchers who led the study said its results prove for the first time that people can lose weight without trying to.
“The weight reduction..when people ate less fat was remarkably consistent – we saw it in almost every trial. Those who cut down more on fat lost more weight,” said Lee Hooper from the University of East Anglia medical school, who led the work.
“The effect isn’t dramatic, like going on a diet,” she said, adding that the research specifically looked at people who were cutting down on fat, but didn’t aim to lose weight – so were continuing to consume a normal amount of food.
“What surprised us was that they did lose weight, their BMI (body mass index) decreased and their waists became slimmer,” Hooper said. The lower fat eaters also kept their weight down over at least seven years.
The review – commissioned by the WHO’s Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group (NUGAG) after a request to update their guidelines on fat intake – will now form a crucial part of global recommendations, the researchers said.
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of many illnesses such as cancer, heart disease and stroke. Together, strokes, heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases are the biggest killers worldwide and claim more than 17 million lives a year, according to the WHO.
More than half of Europeans are obese or overweight, and in America more than 35 percent of adults and almost 17 percent of children qualify as obese.
People are defined as overweight if their body mass index or BMI – a ratio of weight to height – is more than 25 kg per metre squared (kg/m2) and obese if it is more than 30 kg/m2.
Among the 73,500 people taking part in the studies analysed by Hooper’s team, there were varying ages and states of health. The researchers compared those eating less fat than usual and those eating their usual amount of fat, and measured the effect on weight and waistline after at least six months.
The results, published in the British Medical Journal, showed that eating less fat reduces body weight by 1.6 kg, cuts BMI by 0.56 kg/m² and reduces waist circumference by 0.5 cm.
Hooper’s team found that reductions in total fat intake were also linked with small but statistically significant reductions in cholesterol and blood pressure, suggesting a lower fat diet could have a beneficial effect on this heart risk factors.
Carolyn Summerbell of Durham University, who co-led the research, said the trick to slimming down and staying that way was to find a way to eat what you can stick to for life.
“Cutting down on fat will help,” she said, adding that this meant opting for low-fat yoghurts, skimmed milk and reducing intake of butter, cheese and fatty snacks like crisps and cakes. (Editing by xxxxxxxx)
Article source: http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/06/15736489-forget-diets-cutting-fat-keeps-you-slim?lite
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Friday, November 09, 2012
Expedition Watch: Riding a Fat Bike to the South Pole
By Adventure Lab
Practicing. Photo: Eric Larsen
In the spring of 2002, when Eric Larsen was living in Grand Marais, Minnesota, on the shore of Lake Superior and near the Boundary Waters Canoe area, he started watching the lake ice very carefully. He was waiting for some incredibly specific conditions. Just after the snow melted and seeped through the ice, he knew it would leave a soft, rough surface for a period of one to two days. When that happened, he and some friends grabbed their mountain bikes and headed out. “Being on a bike on the lake ice felt really weird, but it was also really fun, too,” he says.
Six years later, he started seeing fat bikes. While skiing a hard and relatively flat route to the South Pole that winter, he had an idea. He should ride a fat bike to the South Pole.
“Of course, there is a bit more to the story,” he says. “You see, I love bikes. I
have all my life. Raced for a bit, worked in bike shops for forever. The
whole eat, sleep, and breathe two wheels thing. But the catch was, I
love wilderness and winter more, so there was always this choice—expeditions or bicycling. So perhaps maybe my brain had been trying
to subconsciously connect the two for quite some time.”
He plans to start pedaling toward the South Pole this December, on an expedition he’s titled Cycle South. It will be the fourth Christmas in the past five years that he’s spent in Antarctica. This time, he’s given himself a pretty small window—about a month and a half—to get things done. “One of the reasons that I’m on a pretty tight timeline is that I’ve got a five-week-old baby boy that needs my love and
attention,” he says. “Being gone for six weeks is no cake walk on my partner Maria,
either.”
We called him up to find out a bit more.
WHO: In 2010, Eric Larsen completed a year-long Save the Poles expedition in which he climbed Everest and traveled to both poles. The Minnesotan has snowshoed, dogsledded, swum, trekked, and skied across polar habitats on a slew of expeditions. In case it’s not clear, he loves ice and snow. If you have a good picture of the cold, white stuff, he’d like you to share it with him via Twitter @ELExplore.
“When most people look at a fat bike, they get it right away.” —Eric Larsen
WHAT: Larsen will ride a Surly Moonlander fat bike 750 miles, from Hercules Inlet to the South Pole. If conditions and time allow, he’ll bike back. “The goal is to get to the pole,” he says. “No one has ever completed that journey
before. To travel back to the coast is a gravy trip, icing on the cake.”
Along the way, he’ll down anywhere from 5,000 to 6,500 calories a day. His daily menu includes Mountain House freeze dried meals spiked with olive oil, five to seven Clif Bars, salami, cheese, soup, chocolate, and nuts.
WHEN: He leaves Colorado on December 13, lands in Antarctica on the 17th, and plans to start pedaling on the 20th. In perfect weather, he thinks he can make it to the pole in 20 days. If he gets that done, he feels good, and the weather looks promising, he’ll bike back. “The Antarctic season ends on January 27—that’s when
the last Ilyushin flight leaves the continent,” he says. “So I have to be done by
then or else.”
WHY: “I’m not going to lie, I really love camping. I also like the physical and mental challenges of expedition travel. In the past, it was, ‘because it’s there.’ I tend to think a
little differently … because these places might not be there in the
future. The goal of all my adventures is to connect people to places.
Not everybody has the desire or ability to travel to these places, but
that doesn’t mean they aren’t interested in learning more about them. I
have a background in education so sharing my experiences seems to be a
natural part of the journey. The ultimate goal of the Cycle South expedition is
to demonstrate how each of us can use a bicycle to change the world.
Through direct donations to a variety of charities people can use a
bicycle to fight climate change, fight Parkinson’s disease, protect our
winter wildlands, and improve bike safety and commuting routes.”
FOLLOW ALONG: Larsen will go alone. “This is my first big solo trip,” he says. “I’m not worried, but there is an
‘I’ve got your back’ component to traveling with a teammate that I’ll
really miss.” He’ll stay in touch using a DeLorme beacon and Iridium satellite phone to tweet, post Facebook messages, and provide online updates. You can follow him on EricLarsenExplore.com, @ELExplore on Twitter, and on Facebook.
SPONSORS: DeLorme, Surly, Ergodyne Gloves, and others.
—Joe Spring
@joespring
facebook.com/joespring.1
Article source: http://www.outsideonline.com/blog/outdoor-adventure/expedition-watch-riding-a-fat-bike-to-the-south-pole.html?178167481
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